5. As the population is estimated at less than 250 mature individuals, it is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. The hogs were taken to a custom-built research and breeding centre in Guwahati, Assam, where the females gave birth to 13 young in 1996. OGP InstaClasses- Classroom Program - 2021 (Online) OGP InstaClasses - Classroom Program - 2021 (Offline - Bangalore) Integrated Prelims cum Mains (IPM) Program - 2021. It is one of the few frozen zoos in the world where a repository of germplasm is stored in cryogenic conditions for possible future use. Which of the above are naturally found in India? The aim is that by 2025, to coincide with the 100th birth anniversary of Gerald Durrell’s – the founder of the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust – the ecosystem will be restored, and the pygmy hog can thrive once again. About Us. Today, Insights is synonymous with UPSC civil services exam preparation. India has 7-8% of all recorded species, including over 45,000 species of plants and 91,000 species of animals. Pygmy hog-sucking Louse (Haematopinus oliveri), a parasite that feeds only on Pygmy Hogs will also fall in the same risk category of critically endangered as its survival is linked to that of the host species. Mar 07, 2021 - Animal Diversity Of India UPSC Notes | EduRev is made by best teachers of UPSC. The pygmy hog, the smallest member of the pig family, was almost wiped out, but a careful breeding programme, as well as taking care of the security concerns and maintaining its habitat, has br. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. This document is highly rated by UPSC students and has been viewed 23 times. 2 and 3 only. Pygmy hog. Monitor Lizard is found in India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. Star tortoise 2 . “So for two years, in 2006-07, we worked with the forest department in Sonai Rupai to tackle these two challenges. Options: 1 only; 2 only; 1 and 2 both; Neither 1 nor 2; See But in 1971 it was “re-discovered” with a small population in the Barnadi Wildlife Sanctuary. First asteroid found to orbit entirely within the orbit of Venus named 2020 AV2 is discovered recently. The captive breeding project of PHCP began using six wild hogs captured from the last surviving population of the species in Manas in 1996. Pygmy Hog is an endangered species found in Assam. The number of tiger reserves has been increased from 9 to 5 1. There was, however, another important step—a coming-together of parallel efforts—of habitat management in these re-introduction sites before the animals were released. We believe information is a powerful driver for the new tomorrow. While efforts, in the form of a conservation survey, had begun in the late 1970s, the PHCP took off in 1995 as a collaborative project of Durrell, IUCN/SSC Wild Pigs Specialist Group (WPSG), the Assam government’s forest department, and the ministry of environment and forests. Monitor lizard 3 . Above Village Hyper Market, Chandralyout Main Road, Solution (d) 5 . 16. consider the following: 1. Orang becomes Assam’s newest tiger reserve, Four more countries join global coalition to protect pollinators, Unchecked mining spells doom for Saranda forest in Jharkhand, How to curb illicit trade in endangered plants? DNA barcoding could help, Assam prepares to spend Rs 40,000 crore on an economically unfeasible project, A state-space modelling approach to wildlife monitoring with application to flying-fox abundance, A globally-distributed alien invasive species poses risks to United States imperiled species, The Lion in West Africa Is critically endangered, First insights into the vocal repertoire of infant and juvenile Southern white rhinoceros. Bronzeback Vine Snake, Western Ghats. also create this for mammals, reptiles, animals, birds not for all only important one. indicators of the management status of grassland habitats. Down To Earth is a product of our commitment to make changes in the way we manage our environment, protect health and secure livelihoods and economic security for all. Insights has redefined the way preparation is done in UPSC civil service exam, Nanda Ashirwad Complex, 3rd Floor, Pygmy Hog. We are a voice to you; you have been a support to us. But it’s not just multiplication that’s keeping extinction at bay for this diminutive animal. The biggest challenge to grassland degradation, it was found, was indiscriminate grass burning in the dry season and livestock overgrazing. Orang, where 59 hogs were released over a period of five years (2011-15) was the second re-introduction site. Captive breeding program are being run in Assam to save these unique animals. The Centre’s decided to increase the Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) for sugarcane by 11%, consider the statements with respect to FRP. Pygmy Hog. The smallest member of the pig family, the pygmy hog (porcula salvania), is a critically endangered species. Leatherback turtle 3 . International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List - India became a State Member of IUCN in 1969. 1, 2 and 3 only. “We believe that the population there has increased to 150-200; the pygmy hog has bred and spread out, and all because of proper grassland management,” Narayan asserted. Today, Insights is synonymous with UPSC civil services exam preparation. Q 6 . 2020 AV2. Its presence reflects the health of its primary habitat, the tall, wet grasslands of the region. UPSC PRELIMS ANSWER KEY 2019 WITH SOLUTION AND EXPLANATION 07:02 Upsc, UPSC Prelims 2019 Answer with Explanation of SET-B 1. All rights reserved. Once found along a narrow strip of tall and wet grassland plains on the Himalayan foothills – from Uttar Pradesh to Assam, through Nepal’s terai areas and Bengal’s duars – it was thought to have become extinct in the 1960s. © Copyright Down To Earth 2021. Search Here. The last population of the Pygmy Hog survives in the wilds of Manas and nowhere else in the world. The pygmy hog (Porcula salvania) is a suid native to alluvial grasslands in the foothills of the Himalayas at elevations of up to 300 m (980 ft). Search Here. “It was essential, therefore, that the Pygmy Hog Conservation Programme (PHCP) follows a two-pronged action plan: conservation breeding of the animal against possible early extinction and re-introduction in selected sites, and habitat management,” said the advisor to PHCP, Goutam Narayan. After five months they are taken to the reintroduction site where they are kept for three nights before being released in the wild. Overgrazing of animals was also asked to be curbed,” Narayan said. Consider the following statements: 1. A number of other endangered species like the one-horned rhino, tiger, hog deer, eastern barasingha, water buffalo, hispid hare, and the Bengal florican, are also dependent on the grasslands. Pygmy Hog (Porcula Sylvania) A pygmy hog belongs to the family of pigs or suid and is found in the foothills of the Himalayas in Southern Bhutan and Assam. Consider the following fauna of India: [UPSC 2013] 1 . Critically Endangered (As per IUCN) pygmy hog is an indicator species for the health of tall wet grassland habitat across the southern foothills of the Himalayas. The project began with six wild hogs captured from Manas for captive breeding. ; It uses a set of quantitative criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species. Candidates are clueless not only due to the lack of quality materials or textbooks for the same but also due to the lack of proper guidance to tackle the environment related topics like Biodiversity. Pygmy Hog (Porcula salvania) Andaman White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura andamanensis) Kondana Rat (Millardia kondana) Large Rock Rat or Elvira Rat (Cremnomys elvira) Namdapha Flying Squirrel (Biswamoyopterus biswasi) Malabar Civet (Viverra civettina) Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) Kashmir stag/hangul (Cervus elaphus hanglu) Only Ias Exam. “It’s easier to tag a snake than a pygmy hog!” Narayan says. Azera Parveen Rehman is a freelance journalist, until recently based out of Assam, (This article was originally published on The Third Pole). … (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4. The pygmy hog is classified as critically endangered in the IUCN red list. Gharial 2 . | EduRev UPSC Question is disucussed on EduRev Study Group by 171 UPSC Students. This will mean a lot for our ability to bring you news, perspectives and analysis from the ground so that we can make change together. 4. Simplifying UPSC IAS Preparation. Solution (a) 4 . The “Fair and Remunerative price” of sugarcane is determined under Sugarcane (Control) Order, 1966. Pygmy Hog is the critically endangered species of suid and now only found in Assam. The next year the litter grew by another 24, and by the year 2001, the total captive population had grown steadily to 77. Attiguppe , Bengaluru - 560040, OGP InstaClasses- Classroom Program - 2021 (Online), OGP InstaClasses - Classroom Program - 2021 (Offline - Bangalore), Integrated Prelims cum Mains (IPM) Program - 2021, Intensive Prelims Booster Test Series (IPB) 2021, InstaClasses 2021(Offline/Online) Batch 3. 5. Both Pygmy hog and Hispid Hare are Schedule I species. Wet grasslands also serve as buffer against floods in the monsoons, while maintaining high groundwater level in the dry season, thereby benefitting agriculture and the farming community that live on its fringes. Spider Monkey. Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 – Schedule 1, CITES – Appendix 1, IUCN Status: Critically Endangered mammal. The grasslands where the pygmy hog resides are crucial for the survival of other endangered species such as Indian Rhinoceros, Swamp Deer, Wild Buffalo , Hispid Hare, Bengal Florican. Single Population Analysis and Record Keeping Systems (SPARKS) and Population Management (PMx) are some tools through which “suitability factor” between a couple is determined to manage the demography and genetic quality. It is critically endangered animal and is currently found only in Indian state of Assam. Even then the numbers have kept declining. It was formerly known to occur across a narrow strip of early successional tall grassland plains along the southern Himalayan foothills in the Indian subcontinent. Pygmy hog is an indicator species of tall wet grasslands. About Pygmy Hogs It is the smallest, rarest and most highly specialized member of the pig family. The pygmy hog is the smallest and the rarest wild pig in the world. The pygmy hog is one of the very few mammals that build its own home, or nest, complete with a ‘roof’, but maybe more important than its own attributes, is the fact that it is an indicator species. Which of the above are naturally found in India? thank you clear IAS wonderful stuff to easily note important one. Biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat. In 2006, when we were preparing for the first release, a pre-release site was established in Potasali. Download the PDF of IUCN Red List After all, if the issue that led to the Pygmy Hog facing extinction was not addressed, then despite everything else, the situation would have come to a naught. The only viable population of the pygmy hog in the wild is in the Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam. Over the next three years, a total of 35 hogs were released in this site. 1 . Their supplementary diet is reduced gradually to 15-%, and they learn to face their natural predators… basically learn how to survive in the wild,” Narayan explained. Insights has redefined the way preparation is done in UPSC civil service exam. Pygmy hog; Spider monkey; Which of the above found in India? Pygmy Hog The smallest member of the pig family, the pygmy hog (porcula salvania), is a critically endangered species it was thought to have become extinct in the 1960s. Watch Queue Queue Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? world’s smallest wild pig. The park is known for its rare and endemic wildlife such as the golden langur and pygmy hog. But in 1971 it was “re-discovered” with a small population in the Bornadi Wildlife Sanc They used to be widespread in the tall, wet grasslands in […] 2. Star tortoise 2. Environment section is a nightmare for most UPSC aspirants. It now has the germplasm of 23 species, including red panda, pygmy hog, Asiatic lion and gharials. However, despite the 13-fold rise in six years, the cubs could not be released in the wild immediately because of security concerns in the region. “We were given permission for only six hogs. This has three large enclosures with their near-natural habitat, the grasslands, in which they are encouraged to forage naturally. These topics are very vast, and hence aspirants should know the right areas to focus. Of these, Orang has been the “biggest success story”. A two-decade long effort to conserve this 25-cm tall animal has however turned the tide – the 110th captive-bred Pygmy Hog was recently reintroduced in the wild in the northeast Indian state. The ear tags, for example, kept coming off as the animal brushed against the tall grass while foraging. This document is highly rated by UPSC students and has been viewed 23 times. Can you explain this answer? Pygmy hog 4. These smallest wild pig or Piglets are the only member of the genus Porcula. The efforts bore fruit, and the first batch of 16 captive-bred pygmy hog were re-introduced in Sonai Rupai in 2008. One of the main reasons for its plummeting numbers was grassland degradation. The same couple breeds every year, and after a few generations, we make pairs from unrelated families.” SPARKS is a programme that stores information about the life history of each animal, while PMx offers potential outcomes, like pairings, increasing generation length, etc. PHCP project director, Dr Parag Deka said, “There is no hotch-potch mating. Pygmy Hog (Porcula salvania) is the rarest and smallest wild pig in the world. Read to know more about the IUCN Red List and species in the critically endangered list from India. Spider monkey Which of the above found in India? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4. (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4. Watch Queue Queue. Mar 23,2021 - Consider the following:1. Its goal is to protect nature as a source of food, fresh water, livelihoods and a stable climate. Popular Courses. Among the six, we selected three adult females who were in the mid-term of their pregnancy—that way we could increase the genetic makeup,” Narayan said. Spider monkey. 3. Consider the following [UPSC 2013] 1 . Star tortoise. Once the situation improved, efforts were then channelised towards “teaching” the captive-bred pygmy hogs on honing their survival instincts in the wild. pygmy hog * smallest pig * indicator of grassland * found in himalayan foot hills will be sufficient. According to results of the Tiger census (All India Tiger Estimation 2018-19), the total count of tigers has risen to 2,967 from 2,226 in 2014. Pygmy hog 4 . ; These criteria are relevant to most species and all regions of the world. It also has two local partners, EcoSystemsIndia and Aaranyak. ), some of them are radio-tracked as well—a process that has taken an unusual amount of effort. Search. They are estimated to be less than 200 pygmy hogs, half of what was estimated in the mid 1990s. Solution (b) Conservation International (CI) It is a non-profit environmental organization headquartered in Virginia,USA. Our aim is to bring you news, perspectives and knowledge to prepare you to change the world. Posted on May 19, 2018. Only 150 animals are left. Comments are moderated and will be published only after the site moderator’s approval. Pygmy Hog Found only in and around Manas National Park, Assam This smallest wild pig in the world is not more than 25 cm tall! Monitor lizard. While the pellets of the Hispid hare were available across almost all sites, Pygmy hog's nest proved a little scarce as it could only be found in three separate locations. And Barnadi Wildlife Sanctuary was the third, where 16 hogs were released in 2016-17. “After many attempts we now use a smaller, coin-sized implant that can be implanted just a few days before its release and the wound heals quickly.”. UPSC Geography Prelims Questions | 2013-Set-4 Only Ias Exam 17:26. For the next step, three re-introduction sites were selected after careful research—Barnadi Wildlife Sanctuary, Orang National Park, and Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. We also suggested alternate year, block-wise burning with a fire-line for demarcation for better control. The Census (2014) had reported 2,226 tigers in the country, up from 1,706 in 2010. About IUCN Red List. “The pre-release period is of five months, during which we minimise human contact so that the animal can build its own survival instinct. Pygmy Hog, Assam. Significance: The park is known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife such as the Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur and pygmy hog. The pygmy hogs are said to be sensitive indicator species as their presence in an ecosystem shows that the grasslands and forest are healthy. Points to Know. The pygmy hog is one of the very few mammals that build its own home, or nest, complete with a ‘roof’, but maybe more important than its own attributes, is the fact that it is an indicator species. Solution (c) 3 . Please use a genuine email ID and provide your name. Its presence reflects the health of its primary habitat, the tall, wet grasslands of the region. We believe strongly that we can and must do things differently. Spider Monkey is the inhabitant of … Read: Orang becomes Assam’s newest tiger reserve, The hard work of tracking the species in the wild, Apart from the field signs of monitoring the released hogs (footprints, nests, foraging marks, droppings, etc. To the first issue of habitat management, we advised the forest department to resort to early burning (January-February) of grass instead of the dry season (March-May) so that the entire grassland does not burn down. “Since the entire global population of the pygmy hog was in one site, and because of the steady increase, another breeding centre was opened in Potasali, near the Nameri National Park,” Narayan said. The Pygmy Hog Research and Breeding Centre is located in Basistha, Assam, which along with Assam State Zoo is endeavouring captive breeding of this hog. Monitor lizard3. Selected comments may also be used in the ‘Letters’ section of the Down To Earth print edition. 2 . Home Upsc UPSC PRELIMS ANSWER KEY 2019 WITH SOLUTION AND EXPLANATION. Together we build journalism that is independent, credible and fearless. Critically endangered — IUCN. Wild populations of the Pygmy hog have been limited to only the Manas national park in Assam. You can further help us by making a donation. Buoyed by the positive results of the project, the experts are now working on a ‘Re-wild project’ in Manas on grassland management and restoration. Search [wp-night-mode-button] Tag: Pygmy Hog. Today, the only known population lives in southern Bhutan and in Assam, India. To maximise genetic diversity, specific markings through micro-chips help us zero in on the ‘ideal’ pair. Lion Tailed MacaqueWhich of the above species are found in India?a)1, 2 and 3 only b)2 and 3 onlyc)1 and 4 only d)1, 2, 3 and 4Correct answer is option 'D'. 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Given permission for only six hogs years ( 2011-15 ) was the third where!

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